Shades of Red

To address literature on U.S.-China hegemonic competition, this paper examines the properties of China among select Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) states which pertain to features hegemony per world-systems analysis how it compares United States regional powers Brazil South Africa. I demonstrate that Beijing has made significant progress propagating its modus operandi by way greater yuan use imposing legal code examined BRI states, economic dominance through besting competitors in exports these achieving an overall trade surplus as well setting up free-trade zones maintain enhance this, establishing a stream revenue from via high-interest, short-term loans, income projects, surpluses. In military dominance, gains sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Pakistan. Meanwhile, Washington remains dominant Peru, and, with Paris, more culturally SSA.